Preventing heat-related illness in summer
By: Michael McFarland, M.D.
To prepare for summer fun filled with picnics, swimming pools and vacations, it is important to be aware of the dangers associated with summertime heat and how to take proper action.
Heat stroke, a life-threatening condition needing immediate attention, occurs when the body is unable to regulate its temperature. Many people believe that heat stroke can only occur because of overexertion, but this is not the case. Heat stroke can happen just by sitting on a chair in a warm room or sitting in a car too long. Many victims of heat stroke are the elderly, who have a chronic condition like cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The warning signs for heat stroke include:
- Red, hot, dry skin;
- Rapid, strong pulse;
- Confusion;
- Throbbing headache;
- Dizziness;
- Nausea;
- Disorientation or confusion; and
- Loss of consciousness.
Knowing the warning signs of heat exhaustion is important in preventing heat stroke. Heat exhaustion occurs from prolonged exposure to high humidity and heat, particularly after being physically active. Bodily fluids are lost because of excessive perspiration. The signs of a heat-related illness include:
- Dizziness or fainting;
- Heavy sweating;
- Muscle cramps;
- Cold or clammy skin;
- Headaches;
- Rapid heartbeat;
- Nausea;
- Dehydration; and
- Fatigue.
For both heat stroke and heat exhaustion, it is important to get the body cooled down.
If caught early, let the body naturally cool down. However, if not caught right away and the illness progresses, putting ice packs on the groin, armpits and neck is helpful because blood flows close to the surface in those areas. Other ways the body can be cooled include a cool shower or being wrapped in a cool, wet blanket. If a victim is experiencing heat stroke symptoms a physician or 911 should be called immediately.
To prevent heat stroke and heat exhaustion, staying hydrated is important. While water is good, drinks with electrolytes, such as Gatorade and PowerAde, are better because they assist in replacing salt and retaining fluid. Stay away from liquids that contain alcohol, caffeine or high amounts of sugar because these drinks can actually cause fluid depletion. Exercise and strenuous activity should be limited to early mornings and late evenings when it is cooler. Wearing sunscreen is advantageous because if skin becomes burned, it is difficult for the body to cool.
Take precaution and act wisely when enjoying summer weather. If you have questions related to heat related illnesses and how to prevent them, contact your physician.
To reach Dr. McFarland’s practice or schedule an appointment, please call 830-769-2181. Dr. McFarland’s practice is located at 1105-A Oak Street, in Jourdanton, TX.
Sources:
Mayo Clinic: www.mayoclinic.com
WebMD: www.webmd.com